nūhou

Ke hoʻoikaika nei ka ʻaoʻao a me lalo o ke kaulahao ʻoihana 5G+, a ke hoʻomaka nei ka pūnaewele o nā mea noi i ka pūnāwai.

Ke hoʻoikaika nei ka upstream a me lalo o ke kaulahao ʻoihana 5G+ e hoʻomaka i ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki ʻana o ka Pūnaewele o nā Mea.

1.1 I ka wā 5G, hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā ʻano hiʻohiʻona like ʻole

Hoʻomaikaʻi ʻo 5G i ka hana ma ʻekolu mau hiʻohiʻona noi maʻamau.Wahi a ka pepa keʻokeʻo 5G Vision i paʻi ʻia e ka ITU's International Telecommunication Union, ua wehewehe ʻo 5G i ʻekolu mau hiʻohiʻona noiʻi maʻamau, ʻo lākou ka lawelawe Mobile Broadband (eMBB) i hoʻonui ʻia no ka lawelawe broadband 4G kumu, ka ultra High Reliability and Low Latency ( uRLLC) lawelawe no ka hiʻohiʻona e koi ana i ka pane kiʻekiʻe i ka manawa kūpono, a me ka lawelawe ʻana i ka mīkini kamaʻilio nui (mMTC) no ke ʻano i hoʻopili ʻia ka nui o nā mea kamaʻilio.ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o 5G ma mua o ka pūnaewele 4G i hoʻohana nui ʻia e pili ana i ka helu kiʻekiʻe, ka nui o ka pilina, ka lohi hope a me nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe.Hoʻonui ʻia ka maikaʻi o ka spectrum e 5-15 mau manawa, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ikehu a me ke kumukūʻai ma mua o 100 mau manawa.Ma kahi o ka ʻoi aku o ka hanauna mua o ka ʻenehana kamaʻilio kelepona ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻouna ʻana, ka nui o ka pilina, ka lohi, ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana a me nā mea hōʻailona ʻē aʻe, ua kākoʻo ʻia ka hoʻoponopono ʻana o ka wā 5G e nā mea hōʻailona hana super, i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e nā hiʻohiʻona ʻoihana kikoʻī. hāʻawi i ka hiki o nā lawelawe hui.

He paʻakikī a ʻokoʻa nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻohui Iot.Hōʻike ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona hope o ka Internet of Things e ka helu nui, ka hoʻolaha ākea, nā ʻano nui o ka terminal, a me nā hana paʻakikī a me nā ʻano like ʻole.E like me nā helu hoʻoili like ʻole, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona noiʻi o ka Pūnaewele o nā mea i nā lawelawe wikiwiki ultra-haʻahaʻa i hōʻike ʻia e ka heluhelu mika naʻauao, nā kukui alanui akamai a me nā kaʻa kaʻa akamai, nā lawelawe wikiwiki haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i hōʻike ʻia e nā mea hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia, nā mīkini POS a me ka naʻauao. logistics, a me nā lawelawe wikiwiki loa i hōʻike ʻia e ka hoʻokele ʻakomi, ka lāʻau lapaʻau lōʻihi a me ka nānā wikiō.

Hāʻawi ka maʻamau 5G R16 i ka uhi piha o nā lawelawe kiʻekiʻe - a me ka wikiwiki haʻahaʻa no nā pūnaewele ākea ākea.Ke alo nei i nā hiʻohiʻona noiʻi paʻakikī o ka Internet of Things, paʻakikī loa nā protocol kamaʻilio i kēia manawa.Wahi a nā mamao hoʻoili like ʻole, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻoili uila uila o ka Internet of Things i ke kamaʻilio kokoke kokoke (NFC), LOCAL area network (LAN) a me ka laulā ākea (WIDE-area network).ʻO nā kūlana 5G e pili ana i nā kūlana ʻenehana i ka WIDE area network (WAN).I Iulai 2020, ua maloʻo ka maʻamau 5G R16, ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka maʻamau NB-iot no nā wahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka wikiwiki, a ua wikiwiki ʻo Cat 1 e hoʻololi i ka 2G/3G, no laila e ʻike ai i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka maʻamau lawelawe piha 5G.Ma muli o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, NBIoT, Cat1 a me nā ʻenehana ʻē aʻe i māhele ʻia i ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ākea Area network (LPWAN), hiki ke hoʻomaopopo i ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā hōʻailona uila lōʻihi me ka hoʻohana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.Hoʻohana nui ʻia lākou i nā hiʻohiʻona lawelawe ultra-haʻahaʻa / haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e like me ka heluhelu mika naʻauao, ke kukui alanui akamai a me nā mea hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia.ʻO 4G / 5G kahi mode hoʻouna lōʻihi lōʻihi, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i ka nānā wikiō, telemedicine, autonomous driving a me nā hiʻohiʻona ʻoihana kiʻekiʻe e pono ai ka hana manawa maoli.

1.2 Upstream Internet of Things module ho'ēmi kumu kūʻai & downstream application enrichment, Internet of Things kaulahao ʻoihana

Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kaulahao ʻoihana o ka Internet of Things i ʻehā mau ʻāpana: ʻo ka ʻike ʻike, ka papa lawe, ka papa paepae a me ka papa noi.ʻO ka mea nui, ʻo ka Internet of Things kahi hoʻonui o ka Pūnaewele.Ma ke kumu o ke kamaʻilio ʻana ma waena o nā kānaka, ʻoi aku ka manaʻo o ka Internet of Things i ka pilina ma waena o nā kānaka a me nā mea a ma waena o nā mea.ʻO ka papa ʻike ke kumu ʻikepili o ka Internet of Things.Loaʻa iā ia nā hōʻailona analog ma o nā mea ʻike, a laila hoʻololi iā lākou i nā hōʻailona kikohoʻe, a hope i mua iā lākou i ka papa noi e ka papa lawe.ʻO ka papa hoʻouna ke kuleana nui no ka hoʻoili ʻana a me ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā hōʻailona i loaʻa i ka papa sensing, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ka hoʻouna uea a me ka hoʻouna ʻole ʻole, ma waena o ka hoʻouna ʻana i ke kelepona ʻo ke ʻano hoʻouna nui.ʻO ka papa honua ka papa hoʻohui, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻokele wale i nā lako terminal ma lalo, akā hāʻawi pū kekahi i ka lepo no ka incubation o nā noi ma luna.

Hoʻemi ʻia ke kumukūʻai o ke kaulahao ʻoihana a me ke kumu kūʻai maka, ua emi nui nā kumukūʻai module.Hoʻohui ka module wireless i ka chip, ka hoʻomanaʻo a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe, a hāʻawi i ka interface maʻamau e ʻike ai i ka kamaʻilio a i ʻole ka hana hoʻonohonoho o ka terminal, ʻo ia ke kī e hoʻopili ai i ka papa ʻike a me ka papa pūnaewele.ʻO Kina, ʻAmelika ʻAmelika a me ʻEulopa nā ʻāina ʻekolu me ka koi nui loa no nā modula kamaʻilio kelepona.Wahi a Techno Systems Research, e piʻi aʻe ka hoʻouna honua o nā modules kamaʻilio kelepona no ka Internet of Things i 313.2 miliona mau ʻāpana e 2022. Ua hoʻemi nui ʻia ke kumukūʻai o nā modula 2G/3G/NB-iot ma lalo o nā kumu ʻelua o ka piʻi ʻana o ke kūlana makua. ke kaulahao o ka Internet of Things a me ke kaʻina hana wikiwiki o ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā chips i hana ʻia ma Kina, ka mea i hōʻemi i ke kumukūʻai o nā ʻoihana module.Ma keʻano, ka nB-iot module, i ka makahiki 2017, aia nō kona kumukūʻai ma ka pae hema a me ka ʻākau o 100 yuan, ka hopena o 2018 a 22 yuan ma lalo, 2019 kumu kūʻai i like me 2G, a i ʻole ka haʻahaʻa.Manaʻo ʻia e hāʻule ke kumukūʻai o nā modula 5G ma muli o ke ʻano o ke kaulahao ʻoihana, a e emi iho ke kumukūʻai marginal o nā mea maka e like me nā chips upstream me ka piʻi ʻana o nā moku.

Hoʻonui nui ʻia nā noi ma lalo o ke kaulahao ʻoihana.Ma hope o kekahi mau makahiki o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā noi pūnaewele mai ka blueprint i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, e like me ka kaʻana like ʻana o ka Shared hoʻokele waiwai, Shared charging treasure, kelepona uku uila, ʻīpuka kelepona, home akamai, kūlanakauhale naʻauao, naʻauao, ikehu, ʻenehana iot. pono e hoʻohana ʻia nā noi e like me ka mīkini unmanned, robot, traceability meaʻai, ka wai ʻāina mahiʻai, ka noi mahiʻai, ka ʻimi kaʻa, ka hoʻokele akamai a me nā ʻoihana kaʻa ʻē aʻe.ʻO ka boom i ka ʻoihana iot e alakaʻi nui ʻia e ka puka ʻana o nā noi i lalo.

1.3 Hoʻonui ka poʻe pilikua i ka hoʻopukapuka kālā e hāpai i ka hoʻokele waiwai kiʻekiʻe o ka Pūnaewele o nā Mea

ʻO ka pilina ka wahi hoʻomaka o ka Pūnaewele o nā mea.Hoʻoikaika ka hoʻohana a me ka hoʻohui ʻana i kekahi i kekahi a ke ulu mau nei ka pūnaewele o nā mea.ʻO ka pilina ma waena o nā polokalamu ke kumu hoʻomaka o ka Pūnaewele o nā mea.Hoʻopili ʻia nā terminals like ʻole, a hana ʻia nā noi.Hoʻokomo nā noi waiwai i nā mea hoʻohana hou aʻe a me nā pilina hou aku no ka Pūnaewele o nā Mea.

Wahi a ka GSMA hōʻike, e aneane pālua ka helu o ka pūnaewele puni honua o nā mea mai 12 biliona ma 2019 a i 24.6 biliona ma 2025. Mai ka hoʻolālā 13th Five-Year, ua ulu mau ka mākeke o The Internet of Things in China. .Wahi a ka Internet of Things White Paper (2020) o China Information and Communication Institute, ʻo ka nui o ka pūnaewele o nā mea pili ma Kina he 3.63 biliona i ka makahiki 2019, ma waena o nā pūnaewele pūnaewele o nā mea i helu ʻia no ka hapa nui, e ulu ana mai 671 miliona. i ka 2018 i ka 1.03 biliona ma ka hopena o 2019. Ma ka 2025, ʻo ka helu o nā pili iot ma Kina e manaʻo ʻia e hiki i 8.01 biliona, me ka ulu ʻana o ka makahiki he 14.1%.Ma ka makahiki 2020, ua ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kaulahao ʻenehana o The Internet of Things ma Kina ma mua o 1.7 trillion yuan, a ua mālama ka nui o ka ʻoihana ʻenehana o ka Pūnaewele o nā Mea i ka ulu makahiki o 20% i ka manawa o ka 13th Five-Year Plan.

ʻOi aku ka nui o nā pili iot i ka helu o nā pili non-iot no ka manawa mua ma 2020, a hiki i nā noi iot ke komo i kahi manawa pahū.Ke nānā nei i hope i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka pūnaewele kelepona, ʻo ka mea mua, ua hoʻokō ka nui o nā pili kelepona i ka ulu nui, a ua hoʻokumu nā pilina i ka ʻikepili nui, a ua pahū ka noi.ʻO ka mea koʻikoʻi loa i ka makahiki 2011, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hoʻouna ʻana o nā kelepona akamai ma mua o ka hoʻouna ʻana o PCS no ka manawa mua.Mai ia manawa, ʻo ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki ʻana o ka pūnaewele kelepona i alakaʻi i ka pahū o nā noi.I ka makahiki 2020, ua ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pili pūnaewele o nā mea (IoT) ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa i ka helu o nā pilina non-iot no ka manawa mua, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana mai IoT Analytics.Wahi a ke kānāwai, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka Pūnaewele o nā mea e hoʻomaka i ka laha.

Ua hoʻonui nā Giants i ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka Pūnaewele o nā Mea e hoʻonui i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o kāna noi.Ma ka HiLink Ecology Conference i Malaki 2019, ua hoʻolauna mua ʻo Huawei i ka hoʻolālā "1 + 8 + N" no ka manawa mua, a laila hoʻolaha i nā ʻano mea hoʻokele like ʻole e like me nā wati akamai Watch GT 2, FreeBuds 3 headphone wireless, i e hoʻonui mālie i kāna kaiaola IoT.Ma ʻApelila 17, 2021, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka kaʻa akamai mua me Hongmeng OS, ʻo Alpha S, ʻo ia hoʻi e hoʻokomo ʻo Huawei i nā kaʻa akamai i kāna hoʻolālā kaiaola.Ma hope koke iho, I ka lā 2 o Iune, ua hoʻolaha ʻo Huawei i ka HarmonyOS 2.0, kahi ʻōnaehana hana IoT ākea e hoʻopili ai i nā PCS, nā papa, nā kaʻa, nā lole lole, a me nā mea hou aku.ʻO Xiaomi, i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o 2019, ua hoʻolaha ʻo Xiaomi i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka "mobile phone x AIoT" hoʻolālā twin-engine, a hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia ʻo AIoT i ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka kau ʻana i ka manaʻo like i ka ʻoihana kelepona paʻalima.I ʻAukake 2020, ua hoʻolaha kūkala ʻo Xiaomi e hoʻonui ʻia kāna hoʻolālā kumu no nā makahiki he ʻumi e hiki mai ana mai "kelepona kelepona + AIoT" i "kelepona kelepona × AIoT".Ke hoʻohana nei ʻo Xiaomi i kāna mea hana like ʻole e alakaʻi i ke kūʻai aku ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona āpau, me nā hiʻohiʻona home, nā hiʻohiʻona pilikino a me nā hiʻohiʻona ola naʻauao AIoT.

2 Iot downstream application combing

2.1 Nā kaʻa pili naʻauao: ʻO ka pae ʻana i nā pae ʻenehana + kōkua kulekele, ʻelua mau kumu nui e alakaʻi i ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki ʻana o ka Pūnaewele o nā Kaʻa.

ʻO ke kaulahao ʻoihana o ka Internet of Vehicles ka mea nui e pili ana i nā mea hana lako, nā mea lawelawe TSP, nā mea kamaʻilio, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā mea hana a me nā mea hoʻomohala polokalamu, ʻo ka downstream ka mea nui o ka mea lawelawe kaʻa mamao (TSP), nā mea lawelawe maʻiʻo, nā mea kelepona a me ka mea kālepa hoʻohui pūnaewele.

ʻO ka mea lawelawe ʻo TSP ke kumu o ka pūnaewele ʻoihana holoʻokoʻa o nā kaʻa.Hāʻawi ka mea hana mea hoʻohana i ke kākoʻo no ka TSP;Hāʻawi kekahi mea lawelawe maʻiʻo i nā kikokikona, kiʻi, a me nā ʻike multimedia no ka TSP;hāʻawi ka mea hoʻohana kelepona kelepona i ke kākoʻo pūnaewele no ka TSP;a kūʻai kekahi mea hoʻohui pūnaewele i nā lako pono no ka TSP.

Aia ʻo 5G C-V2X ma ka honua, hiki i ka Pūnaewele o nā kaʻa.ʻO V2X (kaʻa) ʻenehana kamaʻilio uea ʻole ka kaʻa i hoʻopili ʻia me nā mea ʻē aʻe a pau o ka ʻenehana ʻike ʻike, me V ma ka inoa o ke kaʻa, X e hōʻike ana i kekahi mea i ka ʻike like ʻole o ke kaʻa, ka pilina ma waena o ke kumu hoʻohālike me nā kaʻa a me ke kaʻa (V2V) , ma waena o ke kaʻa a me ke alanui (V2I), kaʻa (V2P), a ma waena o nā kānaka a ma waena o nā pūnaewele (V2N) a pēlā aku.

Loaʻa i ka V2X ʻelua ʻano kamaʻilio, DSRC (Dedicated short range communication) a me C-V2X (Cellular Vehicle Networking).Ua hoʻolaha ʻia ʻo DSRC ma ke ʻano he kūlana mana e IEEE ma 2010, a ua hoʻolaha nui ʻia e ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.ʻO C-v2x ka maʻamau 3GPP a ke koi ʻia nei e Kina.Loaʻa iā C-v2x ka LTEV2X a me 5G-V2X, me ka maʻamau lT-V2X e ulu mālie ana i 5G-V2X me ka hoʻohālikelike maikaʻi i hope.Hāʻawi ʻo C-v2x i nā pono he nui ma mua o DSRC, me ke kākoʻo no nā mamao kamaʻilio lōʻihi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana ʻole-line-of-sight, ʻoi aku ka hilinaʻi, a me ka hiki ke kiʻekiʻe.Eia kekahi, ʻoiai ʻo 802.11p-based DSRC e koi ana i ka nui o nā Rsus hou (nā ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao alanui), ua hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo C-V2X ma nā pūnaewele beehive a no laila hiki ke hoʻohana hou ʻia me nā pūnaewele 4G/5G o kēia manawa ma kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.I Iulai 2020, e hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka maʻamau 5G R16.Hiki i ka 5G me kāna hana maikaʻi ke kākoʻo i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona pūnaewele he nui e like me V2V a me V2I, a e hoʻokō mālie ʻia ka ʻenehana 5G-V2X e wikiwiki i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā kaʻa pili zhaopin.

Ke neʻe nei ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i C-V2X.Ma Nowemapa 8, 2020, ua hoʻoholo mana ke komisina kamaʻilio federal (FCC) e hoʻokaʻawale i ka 30MHz kiʻekiʻe (5.895-5.925GHz) o ka hui 5.850-5.925GHz i c-v2x.ʻO ia ke ʻano o ka DSRC, ka mea i hauʻoli i ka spectrum 75MHz wale nō no 20 mau makahiki, ua haʻalele loa ʻia a ua hoʻololi maoli ʻo ʻAmelika i c-v2x.

Kōkua ka hopena o ke kulekele i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka Pūnaewele o nā kaʻa.I ka makahiki 2018, ua hoʻopuka ka Ministry of Industry and Information Technology i ka Hoʻolālā Hana no ka Hoʻomohala ʻana i ka Pūnaewele o nā Kaʻa (Intelligent And Connected Vehicles) Industry, i manaʻo ʻia e hoʻokō i ka pahuhopu o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻoihana pūnaewele o nā kaʻa i nā pae.ʻO ka pae mua ka loaʻa ʻana o ka helu komo ʻana o nā mea hoʻohana pūnaewele o nā kaʻa ma luna o 30% e 2020, a ʻo ka lua o ka pae ma hope o 2020. ʻO nā kaʻa pili naʻauao me nā hana hoʻokele autonomous kiʻekiʻe a me 5G-V2X e hoʻohana mālie ʻia ma ke ʻano nui. i ka ʻoihana pāʻoihana, e loaʻa ana i kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka launa pū ʻana ma waena o "nā kānaka, nā kaʻa, nā alanui a me ke ao".I Pepeluali 2020, ua hui pū ka National Development and Reform Commission, me ka Ministry of Industry and Information Technology a me 11 mau Kuhina a me nā komisina, i ka Strategy for Innovative Development of Smart Vehicles.Ua manaʻo ʻia ma ka makahiki 2025, e uhi ʻia ʻo lT-V2X a me nā ʻoihana kelepona ʻē aʻe ma nā wahi, a e hoʻopili ʻia ʻo 5G-V2X i kekahi mau hale kūʻai kūʻai a me nā ala ākea.A laila, i ʻApelila 2021, ua hoʻopuka pū ka Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development a me ka Ministry of Industry and Information Technology i kahi leka, e hōʻike ana i ʻeono mau kūlanakauhale, me Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Wuhan, Changsha a me Wuxi, ʻo ia ka pūʻulu mua o nā kūlanakauhale hoʻokele no ka hoʻomohala like ʻana o nā ʻōnaehana kūlanakauhale akamai a me nā kaʻa pili akamai.

Ua hoʻomaka ʻia ka noi pāʻoihana o "5G+ Internet of Vehicles".Ma ʻApelila 19, 2021, ua hoʻopuka pū ʻia ʻo Kina Mobile a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe he "WITE Paper on 5G Vehicle Networking Technology and Testing" e wikiwiki i ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā noi pūnaewele kaʻa 5G.E hoʻonui nui ʻo 5G i nā lawelawe ʻike, ka huakaʻi palekana a me ka maikaʻi o ke kaʻa o ka pūnaewele o nā kaʻa.No ka laʻana, ma muli o nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau ʻekolu o eMBB, uRLLC a me mMTC, hiki iā ia ke hāʻawi i nā lawelawe ʻike e like me ke kelepona wikiō AR/VR ma luna o ka papa, hoʻokele AR a me ka hoʻolimalima kaʻana manawa kaʻa.ʻO nā lawelawe palekana kaʻa e like me ka ʻike hoʻokele manawa maoli, ka pale ʻana i ka hui ʻana o ka poʻe hele wāwae a me ka pale ʻana i ka ʻaihue kaʻa, a me nā lawelawe ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e like me ka panoramic synthesis, ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka hoʻokele a me ka māhele kaʻa kaʻa.

2.2 Smart Home: Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka pilina maʻamau no ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka ʻike o ka hale holoʻokoʻa

Ma hope o kekahi mau makahiki o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ʻike maopopo ʻia ke kaulahao ʻoihana home akamai o Kina.Smart home lawe i ka noho e like me ka anuu, a hoʻohui i ka leo a me ka wikiō, kukui, ea ea, palekana a me nā lako 'ē aʻe i loko o ka hale ma o ka Internet o na mea 'enehana, e hoʻolako i nā hana a me nā mea e like me ka mana a me ka nānā 'ana.Hāʻawi nui ke kaulahao ʻoihana home akamai i ka lako a me nā polokalamu pili.Loaʻa i ka ʻenehana nā chips, sensors, PCB a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, a me nā ʻāpana waena e like me nā modula kamaʻilio.ʻO ka waena waena ka mea nui o nā mea hoʻolako home solution a me nā mea hoʻolako huahana home hoʻokahi;Hāʻawi ʻo Downstream i nā mea kūʻai aku i nā kūʻai aku ma ka pūnaewele a me nā ʻaoʻao waho a me nā ala ʻike, a me nā ʻano papahana home akamai a me nā polokalamu.

Nui nā ʻohana hale naʻauao i kēia manawa, ʻokoʻa ke ʻano o ka pilina a me ke kūlana pili, ʻaʻohe maʻalahi o ka hana maʻalahi, ʻike ka mea hoʻohana i nā pilikia, e like me ke koho ʻana o ka mea hoʻohana i nā huahana home akamai, pinepine ʻole i ke koi no ka maʻalahi, a no laila ke kumu o ka maʻamau pili hui a me ka paepae hoʻohālikelike kiʻekiʻe kekahi o nā mea nui o ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki ʻana o ke kaulahao ʻoihana home akamai.

Aia ka home akamai i ka pae naʻauao o ka pilina.Ma mua o 1984, ua hoʻololi ka Hui o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me ka ʻenehana i ka manaʻo home akamai i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua wehe i ka honua e hoʻokūkū me kekahi e kūkulu i ka home akamai e hoʻouna mai i kēia manawa ma ka prolopreface.

ʻO ka maʻamau, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka home akamai i ʻekolu mau ʻanuʻu: ʻO Smart Home 1.0 kahi pae naʻauao i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka huahana o ka huahana hoʻokahi.Ke nānā nui nei kēia pae i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā huahana akamai o nā ʻāpana i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia, akā hoʻopuehu ʻia kēlā me kēia huahana hoʻokahi a ʻilihune ka ʻike mea hoʻohana;ʻO 2.0 kahi kahua naʻauao i hoʻopili ʻia.I kēia manawa, aia ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka home akamai i kēia pae.Ma o ka ʻenehana pūnaewele o nā mea, hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka pilina ma waena o nā polokalamu akamai, a ke puka mālie nei kahi pūʻulu piha o nā ʻōnaehana home akamai;3.0 e lilo i ka mea hoʻohana-i waena o ka naʻauao holoʻokoʻa, kahi e hāʻawi ai ka ʻōnaehana i nā mea hoʻohana i nā hoʻonā naʻauao maʻamau, a e pāʻani ka naʻauao artificial i kahi hana koʻikoʻi, e loaʻa ai ka hopena kipi i ka pilina o ka home akamai.

Ma Mei 11, 2021, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka protocol Matter, kahi maʻamau home akamai i hui pū ʻia.ʻO Matter kahi protocol layer noi hou i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka CSA Connection Standards Alliance (ʻo Zigbee Alliance ma mua).He maʻamau pili pili IP hou ia e hilinaʻi wale ana i ka protocol IPv6 i loko o ka papa lawe kaʻa e kūpono me nā ʻano media kino like ʻole a me nā kūlana loulou data.Matter, i kapa mua ʻia ʻo CHIP (Connected Home Over IP), i hoʻokumu ʻia ma Dekemaba 2019 e Amazon, Apple, Google a me ka Zigbee Alliance.Manaʻo ʻo CHIP e hana i kahi protocol Home akamai hou e pili ana i kahi kaiaola open source.Manaʻo ʻo Matter e hoʻoponopono i ka ʻāpana o kēia manawa o nā huahana home akamai.

E hui pū ʻia me nā hoʻolālā no ka pūʻulu mua o nā ʻano huahana i hōʻoia ʻia ʻo Matter a me nā hōʻailona home akamai.ʻO nā huahana Matter mua, me nā kukui a me nā mea hoʻokele, nā ea a me nā thermostats, nā laka, ka palekana, nā pale, nā puka, a me nā mea hou aʻe, e manaʻo ʻia e pā i ka mākeke ma ka hopena o kēia makahiki, me nā alakaʻi protocol CHIP e like me Amazon a me Google, pū kekahi. e like me Huawei i ka laina.

Manaʻo ʻia ʻo Hongmeng OS e hoʻolaha i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka home akamai.ʻO HarmonyOS 2.0, e hoʻokuʻu ʻia i Iune 2021, e hoʻohana i ka ʻenehana i lalo o ka polokalamu e hoʻohui i nā polokalamu.ʻAʻole pili wale nā ​​mea akamai i kekahi i kekahi, akā hui pū kekahi, e ʻae ana i nā mea hoʻohana e hoʻohana i nā polokalamu he nui e like me ka maʻalahi e like me ka hoʻokahi, e hopena i kahi ʻike mea hoʻohana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.Ma ka hālāwai hoʻolaha hongmeng, ua kālele ʻo Huawei i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i kāna pūnaewele o nā mea ecology.I kēia manawa, ʻo ka hapa nui o kāna mau hoa pili e kālele ana i ka māla home akamai, a ʻo ke komo ʻana o Hongmeng e manaʻo ʻia e hāpai i kona ulu wikiwiki ʻana.

2.3 Nā mea hoʻohana akamai: Ke alakaʻi nei nā mea kūʻai aku kālepa i ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ʻoiai e hopu ana nā mea lapaʻau ʻoihana

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kaulahao ʻoihana o nā mea hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i luna / waena / lalo.ʻO ka ʻaʻahu akamai e pili ana i ka mea hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia o nā mea ʻike, me nā hana naʻauao a pau o nā kānaka a me nā mea, a ʻo kāna kahua noi e pili ana i ka ʻāpana o ka Pūnaewele Pūnaewele holoʻokoʻa.ʻO kahi lālā o nā mea hiki ke hoʻohana i ka naʻauao e kālele nui ana i ka naʻauao o ke kanaka he mau mea hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia, ʻo ia ka mea maʻamau i nā mea akamai i ke ʻano o ka "ʻaʻahu" a me ka "ʻaʻahu" o ke kino kanaka.Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kaulahao ʻoihana o nā mea hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i luna / waena / lalo.ʻO ka upstream ka nui o nā lako polokalamu a me nā lako lako.Aia i loko o ka ʻenehana nā chips, sensors, modules communication, batteries, display panels, etc., aʻo ka polokalamu e pili ana i ka ʻōnaehana hana.Hoʻopili ka midstream i nā mea hana o nā mea hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā mea kūʻai aku kālepa e like me nā wati akamai / wristbands, nā aniani akamai a me nā mea lapaʻau ʻoihana.ʻO ka lalo o ke kaulahao ʻoihana e pili ana i nā ala kūʻai pūnaewele/pahemo a me nā mea hoʻohana hope.

Manaʻo ʻia ka piʻi ʻana o ka helu komo o nā mea hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia.Hōʻike ka hōʻike ʻana o ka IDC ma ka hapaha mua o 2021, ʻo 27.29 miliona mau ʻāpana o ka mākeke lole lole a Kina, ʻo ia hoʻi he 3.98 miliona mau ʻāpana, ʻo ka helu komo ʻana he 14.6%, e mālama pono ana i ka pae awelika o nā wahi i hala.Me ka hoʻomau mau ʻana o ke kūkulu ʻana o 5G, ʻo nā hāmeʻa hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia, e like me kekahi o nā noi maʻamau, e manaʻo ʻia e hoʻokō hou i ka ulu ʻana i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana no ka hoʻomau mau ʻana o nā noi o lalo o ka Pūnaewele o nā Mea.

Ma ke ʻano he hoʻohana maʻamau o ka mea kūʻai aku IoT, alakaʻi nā mea hoʻohana ʻoihana akamai i ka hoʻomohala ʻana.I kēia manawa, ʻo nā mea kūʻai aku kūʻai aku nā huahana nui o ka mākeke, e helu ana ma kahi o 80% o ka māhele mākeke (2020), ka mea nui me nā wati wrist, nā lima lima, nā kūpeʻe lima a me nā huahana ʻē aʻe i kākoʻo ʻia e ka lima, nā kāmaʻa, nā socks a i ʻole nā ​​​​huahana ʻē aʻe. ma ka wāwae i kākoʻo ʻia e ka wāwae, a me nā aniani, nā mahiole, nā poʻo a me nā huahana ʻē aʻe i kākoʻo ʻia e ke poʻo.Nui nā kumu no kēia.ʻO ka mea mua, he maʻalahi ka lako a me ka lako polokalamu.E lawe i ka mea ʻike, ʻo ka mea ʻenehana koʻikoʻi loa i nā mea hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia, no ka laʻana, ʻo ka mea ʻike hāmeʻa i hoʻohana ʻia i ka lima lima akamai a me ke poʻo poʻo akamai he neʻe maʻalahi / kaiapuni / biosensor.ʻO ka lua, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano hiʻohiʻona like ʻole, nā hāmeʻa hiki ke hoʻohana maʻalahi i ka mālama olakino, hoʻokele, ʻoihana pūnaewele, ʻoihana a me ka media a me nā kahua ʻē aʻe he nui nā hiʻohiʻona noi;ʻO ke kolu, he manaʻo ikaika o ka ʻike a me ka launa pū ʻana.No ka laʻana, hiki i nā wati akamai ke loaʻa i ka ʻikepili hōʻailona koʻikoʻi ma o ka mālama ʻana i kahi kokoke i ka ʻili, a hiki ke hana ʻia ka nānā ʻana a me ka hoʻokele olakino me ka maʻalahi a me ka wikiwiki.No ka laʻana, hiki i nā aniani VR ke hoʻomaopopo i ka hopu ʻana i ka neʻe a me ka nānā ʻana i ke ʻano, a hana i kahi hiʻohiʻona virtual nui ma kahi kahua palena e loaʻa ai ka ʻike immersive.

Ke alakaʻi nei ka poʻe ʻelemakule i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka mākeke hāmeʻa akamai akamai.Wahi a ka Heluhelu Lahui ʻehiku, ʻo ka heluna kanaka he 60 a ʻoi aʻe he 18.7 pākēneka o ka heluna kanaka, a ʻo ka heluna kanaka he 65 a ʻoi aʻe he 13.5 pākēneka, 5.44 a me 4.63 pakeneka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā hopena o ke ono o ka Helu Lahui. .Aia ʻo Kina i loko o kahi hui ʻelemakule, a ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ke koi olakino o ka poʻe ʻelemakule, e lawe mai ana i nā manawa kūpono i ka mākeke ʻenehana loea akamai.Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka nui o ka mākeke o ka ʻoihana ʻenehana loea loea ma Kina e hiki i ka 33.6 biliona yuan e 2025, me ka ulu nui o ka ulu ʻana o 20.01% mai 2021 a 2025.

2.4 Hoʻopili piha ʻia nā PCS: Manaʻo ʻia ke koi ʻana o ke kelepona e hoʻokau i ka helu komo o nā PCS pili piha.

Hoʻopili piha ʻia ka PC, kahi kamepiula hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia i ka Pūnaewele "i kēlā me kēia manawa, ma nā wahi āpau".Hoʻokumu ʻia kahi PC i hoʻopili piha ʻia i kahi module kamaʻilio kelepona i loko o kahi PC kuʻuna, hiki ke "hoʻohui i ka hoʻomaka" : hiki i nā mea hoʻohana ke hoʻāla i nā lawelawe pūnaewele kelepona i ka wā e hoʻomaka ai lākou no ka manawa mua, e loaʻa ai ka pili pūnaewele wikiwiki a paʻa ʻole, ʻoiai inā ʻaʻohe WiFi.I kēia manawa, hoʻohana nui ʻia nā modula kamaʻilio kelepona i nā puke ʻoihana kiʻekiʻe.

Ua alakaʻi ka maʻi maʻi i ka noi no ka telecommuting, a ke manaʻo nei e hoʻonui ka helu komo o nā modula kamaʻilio.I ka makahiki 2020, ma muli o ka hopena o ka maʻi ahulau, ka hana ʻana i ka home, ke aʻo ʻana ma ka pūnaewele a me ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana o nā mea kūʻai aku, ua ulu nui nā moku PC.Hōʻike ka hōʻike ʻana o ka IDC no ka makahiki 2020, e ulu ka mākeke PC honua i ka makahiki o 13.1%.A ke hoʻomau nei ka piʻi ʻana o ka noi PC, me ka hoʻouna ʻana o ka honua o nā PCS kuʻuna a hiki i ka 83.6 miliona mau ʻāpana i ka lua o ka makahiki 2021, ʻoi aku ka 13.2% mai ka makahiki ma mua.I ka manawa like, ua puka mālie ka noi o ka poʻe no ke keʻena "i kēlā me kēia manawa a me nā wahi āpau", e hoʻokele i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka PC pili pono.

ʻO ke komo ʻana o nā PCS pili piha i kēia manawa ma kahi pae haʻahaʻa, me ka uku ʻana i nā kaʻa he kumu koʻikoʻi e hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai nā pūnaewele kelepona paʻalima ma nā kamepiula.I ka wā e hiki mai ana, me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā kaʻa kaʻa, ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana o ka hoʻolaha pūnaewele 4G/5G, ke manaʻo nei e hoʻonui ʻia ka piʻi ʻana o nā modules kamaʻilio kelepona i PCS, a manaʻo ʻia ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā PCS pili piha.

3. Nānā i nā ʻoihana pili

Me ka wikiwiki o ka ʻoihana kamaʻilio a me nā hana ʻoihana ʻē aʻe e pili ana, ua piʻi mālie ka noi no nā sensor, nā modules kamaʻilio uila, nā pūnaewele o nā mea a me nā lako ʻē aʻe.E like me kēia, e hoʻolauna mākou i nā ʻoihana kūpono i nā ʻoihana like ʻole me ka kikoʻī:

3.1 Kūkākūkā mamao

Ke alakaʻi o ka module kamaʻilio ueaʻole, ʻo ka ʻōʻō palau hohonu no nā makahiki he ʻumi.Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Yuyuan Communications ma 2010. Ma hope o nā makahiki he ʻumi o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ua lilo ia i mea hoʻolako kelepona nui loa i ka ʻoihana, hōʻiliʻili i ka ʻenehana waiwai a me ka ʻike, a loaʻa iā ia nā pono hoʻokūkū ma ke kaulahao lako, RESEARCH a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana, hana, kūʻai aku, hoʻokele a me nā mea he nui. nā mea ʻē aʻe.Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka ʻoihana i ka hoʻolālā, hana, noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ke kūʻai aku ʻana i nā modules kamaʻilio kelepona a me kā lākou hoʻonā ʻana ma ke kahua o ka Internet of Things.Ua uhi ʻia kāna mau huahana i nā modules cellular 2G/3G/LTE/5G/NB-iot, WiFi&BT modules, GNSS positioning modules a me nā ʻano antennas e kākoʻo ana i nā modula.Hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka halihali kaʻa, ka ikehu akamai, ka uku uila, ka palekana naʻauao, ke kūlanakauhale akamai, ka ʻīpuka kelepona, ka ʻoihana akamai, ke ola akamai, ka mahiʻai akamai a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe he nui.

Ua ulu mau ka loaʻa a me ka loaʻa kālā.I ka makahiki 2020, he 6.106 biliona yuan ka loaʻa kālā o ka ʻoihana, ʻoi aku ka 47.85% makahiki ma ka makahiki;ʻO 189 miliona yuan ka loaʻa ʻana o ka waiwai, ʻoi aku ka 27.71% makahiki ma ka makahiki.I ka hapaha mua o 2021, ʻo ka loaʻa kālā o ka ʻoihana he 1.856 biliona yuan, ʻoi aku ka 80.28% i kēlā me kēia makahiki;ʻO ka loaʻa kālā he 61 miliona yuan, ʻoi aku ka 78.43% makahiki ma ka makahiki.ʻO ka ulu ʻana o ka loaʻa kālā o ka ʻoihana e pili ana i ka piʻi ʻana o LTE, LTEA-A, LPWA a me 5G module business volume.I ka makahiki 2020, ua ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻouna ʻana o ka module kamaʻilio kelepona o ka hui ma mua o 100 miliona mau ʻāpana.

E mālama mākou i kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻopukapuka r&d e hoʻokomo i ka hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻomohala hoʻomau.I ka makahiki 2020, ua hōʻea ka hoʻopukapuka R&D o ka hui i 707 miliona yuan, me ka ulu ʻana o ka makahiki he 95.41%.ʻO ka piʻi nui ʻana mai ka piʻi ʻana o ka uku, ka hoʻemi ʻana a me ka hoʻopukapuka pololei, ma waena o ka uku o nā limahana i helu ʻia no 73.27% o ka hoʻopukapuka R&D.Ma 2020, ua hoʻonohonoho ka hui i ke kikowaena R&D ma Foshan, i kēia manawa he ʻelima mau kikowaena r&d i Shanghai, Hefei, Foshan, Belgrade a me Vancouver.ʻOi aku ka nui o ka hui ma mua o 2000 mau limahana r & D, no ka hui e hoʻomau mau a hoʻomaka i ka laina me ka noi mākeke o nā huahana hou e hāʻawi i ka ikaika kākoʻo.

E ʻimi i nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻokaʻawale no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka loaʻa kālā ʻoihana nui.I ka makahiki 2020, ua hoʻokumu ka hui i kekahi mau papahana 5G module-level, a ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ka nui o nā ʻoihana hoʻonohonoho mua.Ua hāʻawi ʻo ia i nā lawelawe no nā mea hoʻolako ʻoi aku ma mua o 60 Tier1 a ʻoi aku ma mua o 30 oems mainstream kaulana.Ma waho aʻe o ka modula leka uila, ua hoʻonui ka hui i ka papa hoʻāʻo EVB, antenna, cloud platform a me nā lawelawe ʻē aʻe, i waena o ka Internet of Things cloud platform ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka hui, i mea e kōkua ai i nā mea kūʻai aku e hoʻokō i ka hopena. nā hiʻohiʻona ʻoihana e hoʻopau i kahi ala kūpono a kūpono hoʻi.

Laulā a me 3.2

ʻO ka pūnaewele alakaʻi o ka honua o nā mea hoʻonā kamaʻilio uila a me ka mea hāʻawi modula uila.Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Fibocom i ka makahiki 1999 a ua helu ʻia ma ka Shenzhen Stock Exchange ma 2017, e lilo ana i ʻoihana papa inoa mua ma ka ʻoihana kelepona kelepona ʻole o Kina.Hoʻolālā kūʻokoʻa ka hui a hoʻolālā i ka hana kiʻekiʻe 5G/4G/LTE Cat 1/3G/2G/ NB-iot / LTE Cat M/ Android akamai/kaʻa mokulele-level uʻi kelepona modules, a hāʻawi i ke kamaʻilio uea ʻole o ka Internet. nā hoʻonā no nā mea lawelawe kelepona, nā mea hana lako IoT a me nā mea hoʻohui pūnaewele IoT.Ma hope o 20 mau makahiki o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o nā ʻenehana M2M a me nā ʻenehana iot, ua hiki i ka hui ke hāʻawi i nā hoʻonā kamaʻilio iot a me nā hoʻoponopono maʻamau no nā ʻoihana āpau āpau.

Ua ulu paʻa ka loaʻa kālā a ua ulu wikiwiki ka ʻoihana ma waho.I ka makahiki 2020, ʻo ka loaʻa kālā o ka ʻoihana he 2.744 biliona yuan, ma luna o 43.26% makahiki ma ka makahiki;ʻO ka loaʻa kālā he 284 miliona yuan, piʻi 66.76% makahiki ma ka makahiki.I ka makahiki 2020, ua ulu wikiwiki ka ʻoihana o nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, e loaʻa ana ka loaʻa kālā o 1.87 biliona yuan, kahi hoʻonui makahiki o 61.37%, ua hoʻonui ka nui o ka loaʻa kālā mai 60.52% i 2019 a i 68.17%.I ka hapaha mua o 2021, ʻo ka loaʻa kālā o ka ʻoihana he 860 miliona yuan, ʻoi aku ka 65.03% makahiki ma ka makahiki;ʻO ka loaʻa kālā o ka hoʻi ʻana i ka home he 80 miliona yuan, ʻoi aku ka 54.35% makahiki ma ka makahiki.

ʻO nā huahana o ka hui e pili ana i ka M2M/MI ʻelua mau māla.Loaʻa i ka M2M ka uku kelepona, ka Internet o nā kaʻa, ka mākaʻikaʻi akamai, ka nānā ʻana i ka palekana, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Aia ka MI i ka papa, puke puke, e-puke a me nā huahana uila mea kūʻai aku.I ka makahiki 2014, ua loaʻa i ka hui ka waiwai hoʻolālā mai Intel, a pēlā i komo ai i ke kahua o nā kamepiula puke.Ua hoʻokumu ʻo ia i nā pilina pili maikaʻi me nā ʻoihana alakaʻi e like me Lenovo, HP, Dell a pēlā aku, me ka ʻike pono o ka mea hoʻoneʻe mua.I ka makahiki 2020, ua alakaʻi ka maʻi maʻi maʻi i kahi maʻi o ka noi telecommuting a me ka piʻi nui ʻana o nā moku pona.I ka wā e hiki mai ana, he hopena lōʻihi ka maʻi maʻi i ka hana a me ke ola, no laila ke manaʻo nei e ulu mau ka ʻoihana MI o ka hui.I Iulai 2020, ua loaʻa i ka hui nā waiwai o ka ʻoihana hoʻoili mua o ka honua holoʻokoʻa ʻo Sierra Wireless ma o kahi ʻoihana paʻa piha o Ruling Wireless, a ua hoʻolauna ikaika i kahi hoʻolālā hoʻolālā honua o ka mākeke hoʻouka mua o ka automotive.Ma Iulai 12, 2021, ua hoʻopuka ka Hui i ka "Plan to Issue Shares and Pay cash to purchase Assets and Raise Supporting Funds", e hoʻolālā ana e loaʻa iā 51% o Ruiling Wireless, hoʻomaopopo i ka paʻa piha ʻana o Ruiling Wireless, a hoʻonui hou i ka ke komo ʻana o ka mākeke o ka ʻoihana ma ke kahua o ka Internet of Vehicles.

3.3 Neʻe i ke kamaʻilio

Hoʻopaʻa hohonu no nā makahiki he nui i ke kahua o ka Internet o nā mea alakaʻi terminal.Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka neʻe no ke kamaʻilio ʻana i ka makahiki 2009, ʻo ka ʻoihana nui no ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka ʻoihana kūʻai ʻana o ka iot terminal, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia nā huahana i ka hoʻokele kaʻa, ka hoʻokele ʻana i nā mea kelepona, nā kamaʻilio pilikino a me nā kahua nui ʻehā o ka hoʻokele traceability holoholona. e hoʻolako i ka mea kūʻai aku, me ka lawe ʻana, ke kelepona akamai, ka hānai akamai, ka pilina naʻauao, a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe he nui o ka hopena.

Ma hope o ka maʻalahi ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi, piʻi ka loaʻa kālā o ka ʻoihana a me ka loaʻa kālā.I ka makahiki 2020, ua loaʻa ka ʻoihana i ka loaʻa kālā o 473 miliona yuan, ma lalo o 24.91% makahiki ma ka makahiki;ʻO 90.47 miliona yuan ka loaʻa ʻana o kāna waiwai, ma lalo o 44.25% makahiki ma ka makahiki.I ka hapaha mua o 2021, ʻo ka loaʻa kālā he 153 miliona yuan, ʻoi aku ka 58.09% makahiki ma ka makahiki;Loaʻa ka loaʻa kālā o ka mea nona ka hale i 24.73 miliona yuan, ʻoi aku ka 28.65% makahiki ma ka makahiki.Hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻoihana o ka ʻoihana i ka mākeke o waho, a ʻo ka loaʻa kālā o nā haole he 88.06% i 2020. Ma waena o lākou, ʻo ʻAmelika ʻAmelika a me ʻAmelika Hema, nā wahi kūʻai nui, ua hoʻopilikia nui ʻia e ka maʻi maʻi, i loaʻa kekahi hopena ma luna. ka hana a ka hui.Eia nō naʻe, me ka hoʻomalu ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi ma ka home a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hana a me ka hana ʻana ma nā ʻāina ʻē, ua piʻi nui nā kauoha kūʻai o ka hui a ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia kāna mau ʻoihana.

E koi i nā mākeke honua a me nā mākeke kūloko.Ma ke ao holoʻokoʻa, ua lilo ka hui i alakaʻi ma ke kahua o nā huahana traceability holoholona ma ka mākeke Australia, a ua hoʻomohala i nā mākeke me ʻEulopa, ʻAmelika Hema, ʻAmelika ʻAmelika a me ʻApelika.No nā huahana traceability holoholona, ​​ua hoʻokumu ka hui i kahi kahua e-commerce, ʻaʻole i hoʻomaikaʻi wale i ka pōʻai holoʻokoʻa holoʻokoʻa, akā ua hōʻemi maikaʻi hoʻi i ka hopena o ka maʻi maʻi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻoihana.Ma Kina, i Malaki 2021, ua lanakila ka hui i ka makana no ka Internet of Things label reader (fixed, handheld) procurement project of China Construction Bank Co., LTD., e hōʻike ana ua hoʻokumu ka hui i kāna ʻike ponoʻī ma ka makeke kuloko.

3.4 puka mai

ʻO ka hui ke alakaʻi nui o ka honua i nā huahana a me nā lawelawe lawelawe.Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Gao Xinxing i ka makahiki 1997 a ua helu ʻia ma ka Growth Enterprise Market ma 2010. Ua kūpaʻa ka hui i ka noiʻi ʻana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā huahana a me nā ʻenehana e pili ana i ka ʻike, ka pilina a me ka papa hana ma muli o ka Architecture of the Internet of Things.E hoʻomaka ana mai ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻoihana pūnaewele o lalo o nā mea, e pili ana i ka ʻenehana kamaʻilio kelepona maʻamau a me ka ʻenehana UHF RFID, ua ʻike ka ʻoihana i ka hoʻolālā hoʻonohonoho hoʻonohonoho kūʻokoʻa o ka "terminal + application" o ka Internet of Things.Hoʻopili ka ʻoihana i nā kahua noi kūhelu e like me ka Internet o nā kaʻa, ka lawe ʻana i ka naʻauao a me ka ʻike palekana lehulehu, a he nui nā hopena e like me ka ʻikepili kapua, ka palekana kamaʻilio, ke kālā akamai, nā mākaʻi hou akamai, ka mana Internet of Things, ke kūlanakauhale akamai, ke ala kaʻaahi akamai, akamai ka hooponopono kaapuni hou a me ke ao wikiō.

ʻO ke kaiapuni macro a me ka volatility mākeke i alakaʻi i ka emi ʻana o ka loaʻa kālā.I ka makahiki 2020, ua loaʻa i ka hui ka loaʻa kālā o 2.326 biliona yuan, ma lalo o 13.63% makahiki ma ka makahiki;Loaʻa kālā i ka makua - 1.103 biliona yuan.I ka hapaha mua o 2021, ua loaʻa i ka hui ka loaʻa kālā o 390 miliona yuan a me ka loaʻa kālā o -56.42 miliona yuan, ʻaʻole i hoʻololi ʻia mai ka manawa like i ka makahiki i hala.ʻO kēia ma muli o ka hopena o ke kaua kālepa ma waena o Kina a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me ka hoʻomau ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi COVID-19 ma waho, kahi i hoʻopilikia ai i ka ʻoihana o waho o ka ʻoihana ma 2020.

Nā ʻenehana kumu kumu o ka Internet of Things a me ka naʻauao artificial wikiō.Loaʻa i ka hui kahi ʻano pūnaewele o nā mea ʻenehana kamaʻilio uila e uhi ana i nā ʻōnaehana pūnaewele kamaʻilio, nā huahana ma ke kūlana alakaʻi kūloko, a ma o ʻEulopa, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, Iapana, Australia a me nā palapala hōʻoia honua ʻē aʻe.Eia kekahi, loaʻa i ka hui ka ʻenehana pūnaewele o nā kaʻa, ʻenehana UHF RFID, ʻikepili nui a me ka ʻenehana naʻauao artificial, ʻenehana AR a me nā ʻenehana ʻē aʻe.Ma ka makahiki 2020, ua ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻoihana a me kāna mau lālā paʻa ma mua o 1,200 mau patent a ʻoi aku ma mua o 1,100 software Copyrights, me ka ʻike a me ka waiwai o ka mākeke kiʻekiʻe.