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ʻO ke kumu kumu o ka antenna

ʻO ke kumu kumu o kahi antenna ʻo ia ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā au i ka uila a me ka magnetic a puni ia.Wahi a Maxwell's theory of electromagnetic field, "ʻo ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā māla uila e hoʻohua i nā māla magnetic, a ʻo ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā māla magnetic e hoʻohua i nā māla uila".Ke hoʻomau nei ka hauʻoli, ʻike ʻia ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka hōʻailona uila.

Loaʻa ka helu

ʻO ka lakio o ka mana hoʻokomo o ka antenna i kapa ʻia ʻo ka nui loa o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka antenna.He hōʻike piha piha ia o ka hoʻohana pono ʻana o ka antenna i ka mana RF holoʻokoʻa ma mua o ka coefficient directivity o ka antenna.A hōʻike ʻia i nā decibels.Hiki ke hōʻoia ʻia ma ka makemakika ʻo ka nui loa o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka antenna e like me ka huahana o ka antenna directivity coefficient a me ka pono antenna.

Ka pono o ka antenna

ʻO ia ka ratio o ka mana i hoʻomālamalama ʻia e ka antenna (ʻo ia hoʻi, ka mana e hoʻololi pono i ka ʻāpana hawewe electromagnetic) i ka hoʻokomo mana ikaika i ka antenna.He emi mau ia ma mua o 1.

Antenna polarization hawewe

Holo ka nalu electromagnetic i ka lewa, inā kū mau ke kuhikuhi o ka vector kahua uila e like me kekahi lula, ua kapa ʻia kēia hawewe polarization, ʻike ʻia hoʻi ka nalu polarization antenna, a i ʻole ka nalu polarized.Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ka polarization plane (me ka polarization horizontal a me ka polarization vertical), polarization circular a me ka polarization elliptic.

ʻO ke kuhikuhi polarization

ʻO ke kuhikuhi o ke kahua uila o kahi hawewe electromagnetic polarized i kapa ʻia ʻo ka polarization direction.

ʻO ka ʻili polarization

ʻO ka mokulele i hoʻokumu ʻia e ke kuhikuhi polarization a me ka kuhikuhi hoʻolaha o ka hawewe electromagnetic polarized i kapa ʻia ʻo ka polarization plane.

Polarization kū pololei

ʻO ka polarization o nā hawewe lekiō, pinepine me ka honua ma ke ʻano maʻamau.ʻO ka hawewe polarization nona ka ʻili polarization e like me ka honua maʻamau mokulele (vertical plane) i kapa ʻia ʻo ka nalu polarization vertical.ʻO ka ʻaoʻao o kona kahua uila he perpendicular i ka honua.

Polarization ʻeleʻele

ʻO ka nalu polarization e kū pono ana i ka ʻili maʻamau o ka honua i kapa ʻia ʻo ka hawewe polarization horizontal.ʻO ka ʻaoʻao o kona māla uila ua like ia me ka honua.

ʻO ka mokulele o ka polarization

Inā mau ka ʻaoʻao polarization o ka hawewe electromagnetic i kahi kuhikuhi paʻa, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ka polarization plane, ʻike ʻia hoʻi he polarization linear.Hiki ke loa'a ka polarization o ka mokulele ma nā māhele o ke kahua uila e like me ka honua (horizontal component) a pololei i ka ili o ka honua, nona nā spatial amplitudes i nā magnitude pili.ʻO ka polarization kūhelu a me ka polarization he mau hihia kūikawā o ka polarization plane.

Polarization pōʻai

Ke hoʻololi ka Angle ma waena o ka mokulele polarization a me ka geodetic maʻamau o nā hawewe lekiō mai 0 a 360 ° i kēlā me kēia manawa, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole i hoʻololi ʻia ka nui o ke kahua uila, hoʻololi ke kuhikuhi me ka manawa, a me ka trajectory o ka hopena o ka vector kahua uila. ua kuhi ʻia e like me ka pōʻai ma ka mokulele e kū pono ana i ka kuhikuhi hoʻolaha, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ka polarization pōʻai.Hiki ke loaʻa ka polarization pōʻai inā loaʻa nā ʻāpana ākea a me ke kūpaʻa o ke kahua uila i nā amplitudes like a me nā ʻokoʻa o ka pae o 90 ° a i ʻole 270 °.Polarization poepoe, ina ka ili polarization huli ana me ka manawa a me ka pili pilipili pololei me ka electromagnetic hawewe hoolaha ana, ua kapaia ka pololei poepoe polarization;Ma ka ʻokoʻa, inā he pili pilipili hema, ʻōlelo ʻia ka polarization pōʻai hema.

ʻO ka elliptical polarized

Inā hoʻololi ka Angle ma waena o ka mokulele polarization hawewe lekiō a me ka mokulele maʻamau geodetic i kēlā me kēia manawa mai ka 0 a i ka 2π, a ʻo ke ala o ka hopena o ka vector kahua uila e kuhi ʻia ma ke ʻano he ellipse ma ka mokulele e kū pono ana i ka kuhikuhi hoʻolaha, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia elliptic. polarization.Ke loaʻa nā waiwai kūʻokoʻa i ka amplitude a me ka pae o nā ʻāpana kū a me ka pae o ke kahua uila (koe wale nā ​​​​mea ʻelua i like), hiki ke loaʻa ka polarization elliptic.

Antenna nalu lōʻihi, antenna nalu waena

He huaʻōlelo maʻamau ia no ka hoʻouna ʻana a i ʻole ka loaʻa ʻana o nā antenna e hana ana ma nā puʻu hawewe lōʻihi a me waena.Hoʻolaha ʻia nā nalu lōʻihi a me nā nalu waena e like me nā nalu honua a me nā nalu lani, e ʻike mau ʻia ana ma waena o ka ionosphere a me ka honua.Wahi a kēia hiʻohiʻona hoʻolaha, hiki i nā antenna nalu lōʻihi a me waena ke hana i nā nalu polarized vertically.I ka antenna nalu lōʻihi a me ka haʻahaʻa, hoʻohana nui ʻia ke ʻano kūʻokoʻa, ke ʻano L i hoʻohuli ʻia, ke ʻano T a me ka ʻano umbrella vertical ground antenna.Pono nā antenna nalu lōʻihi a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.Nui nā pilikia ʻenehana i ka antenna nalu lōʻihi a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, e like me ke kiʻekiʻe kūpono liʻiliʻi, ka pale haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka liʻiliʻi directionality coefficient.I mea e hoʻoponopono ai i kēia mau pilikia, paʻakikī pinepine ka hoʻolālā antenna a nui loa.

Antena nalu pōkole

ʻO ka hoʻouna ʻana a i ʻole ka loaʻa ʻana o nā antenna e hana ana i ka puʻupuʻu nalu pōkole i kapa ʻia he antenna hawewe pōkole.Hoʻouna nui ʻia ka nalu pōkole e ka nalu lani i hōʻike ʻia e ka ionosphere a ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea nui o ke kamaʻilio lekiō lōʻihi o kēia wā.Nui nā ʻano o ka antenna pōkole, ʻo ia ka mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia he symmetric antenna, in-phase horizontal antenna, double wave antenna, angular antenna, V-shaped antenna, rhombus antenna, fishbone antenna a pēlā aku.Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka antenna hawewe lōʻihi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka antenna hawewe pōkole i ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, kiʻekiʻe ka pale ʻana i ka radiation, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me ka passband ākea.

Antenna hawewe ultrashort

ʻO ka hoʻouna ʻana a me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā antenna e hana ana i ka puʻu hawewe ultrashort i kapa ʻia nā antenna hawewe ultrashort.Holo nui nā nalu ultrashort e nā nalu ākea.Nui nā ʻano o kēia ʻano antenna, ma waena o ka antenna Yaki i hoʻohana nui ʻia, ka antenna conical dish, antenna conical pālua, "bat wing" TV transmitting antenna a pēlā aku.

Antenna microwave

ʻO ka hoʻouna ʻana a i ʻole ka loaʻa ʻana o nā antenna e hana ana i nā pūna nalu o ka nalu mika, ka hawewe decimeter, ka hawewe kenimika a me ka hawewe millimeter i kapa ʻia he antenna microwave.ʻO ka Microwave ka mea nui i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka nalu, i mea e hoʻonui ai i ka mamao kamaʻilio, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka antenna kiʻekiʻe.I loko o ka microwave antenna, ka nui o ka paraboloid antenna, horn paraboloid antenna, horn antenna, lens antenna, slotted antenna, dielectric antenna, periscope antenna a pēlā aku.

Antenna kuhikuhi

ʻO Directional Antenna kahi ʻano antenna e hoʻouna a loaʻa i nā nalu electromagnetic i hoʻokahi a i ʻole kekahi mau kuhikuhi kikoʻī ʻoi aku ka ikaika, ʻoiai ka hoʻouna ʻana a loaʻa i nā nalu electromagnetic ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe he zero a liʻiliʻi loa.ʻO ke kumu o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka antenna hoʻouna kuhikuhi e hoʻonui i ka hoʻohana pono ʻana o ka mana radiation a hoʻonui i ka huna.ʻO ke kumu nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka antenna loaʻa kuhikuhi e hoʻonui i ka mana anti-interference.

Antenna kuhikuhi ʻole

ʻO ka antenna e hoʻomālamalama a loaʻa paha i ka hawewe electromagnetic ma nā ʻaoʻao āpau i kapa ʻia he antenna non-directional, e like me ka antenna whip i hoʻohana ʻia i ka mīkini kamaʻilio liʻiliʻi, etc.

Antenna hui ākea

ʻO kahi antenna nona ka kuhikuhi ʻana, ka impedance a me nā waiwai polarization e noho mau ana ma luna o kahi pā ākea i kapa ʻia he antenna wideband.ʻO ka antenna wideband mua loa he rhombus antenna, V antenna, ʻelua nalu antenna, disk cone antenna, etc., ʻo ka antenna wideband hou he logarithmic period antenna, etc.

Hoʻoponopono i ka antenna

ʻO kahi antenna i koho mua ʻia i loko o kahi kāʻei haiki loa i kapa ʻia he antenna kani a i ʻole antenna kuhikuhi.ʻO ka maʻamau, e mau ana ke kuhikuhi ʻana o kahi antenna i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a hiki i ka 5 pakeneka o ka hui kokoke i kona alapine hoʻokani, ʻoiai ma nā alapine ʻē aʻe ka loli ʻana o ka directionality a hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia ke kamaʻilio.ʻAʻole kūpono nā antenna i hoʻopaʻa ʻia no nā kamaʻilio nalu pōkole me nā alapine loli.ʻO ka antenna hoʻokahi - phase horizontal antenna, antenna folded a me zigzag antenna nā antenna i hoʻopaʻa ʻia.

Antenna kū pololei

ʻO ka antenna kū pololei e pili ana i ka antenna i kau pololei ʻia i ka honua.Loaʻa iā ia nā ʻano symmetric a me nā ʻano asymmetric, a ʻoi aku ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka hope.Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā antenna kūpaʻa symmetrical.ʻO ka asymmetric vertical antenna e hānai ana ma waena o ka lalo o ka antenna a me ka honua, a ʻo kāna kuhikuhi radiation kiʻekiʻe e hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻāina inā ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe ma mua o 1/2 hawewe, no laila kūpono ia no ka hoʻolaha.Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Asymmetric vertical antenna he antenna lepo.

Ninini L antenna

He antenna i hana ʻia ma ka hoʻopili ʻana i ke alakaʻi kū i kekahi ʻaoʻao o kahi uea ākea hoʻokahi.Ma muli o kona ʻano like me ka leka Pelekane L i luna, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he antenna L hoʻohuli.ʻO ka γ o ka leka Lūkini ka hope L o ka leka Pelekane.No laila, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka antenna type γ.He ʻano ia o ka antenna i hoʻopaʻa ʻia.I mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka pono o ka antenna, hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia kona ʻāpana ākea i kekahi mau uea i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma ka mokulele hoʻokahi, a hiki ke nānā ʻole ʻia ka radiation i hana ʻia e kēia ʻāpana, ʻoiai ʻo ka radiation i hana ʻia e ka ʻāpana kū.Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā antenna L inverted no ke kamaʻilio nalu lōʻihi.ʻO kāna mau mea maikaʻi he hana maʻalahi a me ke kūkulu kūpono;ʻO nā hemahema ka wāwae nui, maikaʻi ʻole ka lōʻihi.

T antenna

Ma ke kikowaena o ka uea ākea, ua hoʻopili ʻia kahi alakaʻi kū i luna, e like me ka leka Pelekane T, no laila ua kapa ʻia ʻo T-antenna.ʻO ia ke ʻano maʻamau o nā antena i hoʻopaʻa ʻia.He mea ʻole ka ʻaoʻao pae o ka radiation, hana ʻia ka radiation e ka ʻāpana kū.I mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka maikaʻi, hiki ke haku ʻia ka ʻāpana ākea me nā uea ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi.Loaʻa nā ʻano like ʻole o ka antenna T-shaped me ka antenna L-shaped inverted.Hoʻohana maʻamau ia no ka hawewe nalu lōʻihi a me ke kamaʻilio nalu waena.

Antenna umbrella

Ma luna o kahi uea kū hoʻokahi, alakaʻi ʻia kekahi mau alakaʻi tilted i nā ʻaoʻao āpau, i like ke ʻano o ka antenna me kahi umbrella hāmama, no laila ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he umbrella antenna.He ʻano hoʻi ia o ka antenna i hoʻopaʻa ʻia.ʻO kona mau hiʻohiʻona a me kona hoʻohana ʻana ua like ia me nā antenna L - a me T-shaped.

Antenna huikau

ʻO Whip antenna he antenna koʻokoʻo maʻalahi, ʻo ia ka 1/4 a i ʻole 1/2 ka lōʻihi o ka nalu.Hoʻohana ka hapa nui o nā antenna whip i ka ʻupena ma kahi o ka uea honua.Hoʻohana pinepine nā antenna puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi i ka pūpū metala o kahi lekiō liʻiliʻi ma ke ʻano he pūnaewele honua.I kekahi manawa i mea e hoʻonui ai i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka antenna whip, hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia kekahi mau ʻōlelo liʻiliʻi i ka piko o ka antenna whip a i ʻole inductance hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia i ka waena waena o ka antenna whip.Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka antenna whip no ka mīkini kamaʻilio liʻiliʻi, ka mīkini kamaʻilio, ka lekiō kaʻa, etc.

Antenna symmetric

ʻElua mau uea o EQUAL lōʻihi, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo AT ke kikowaena a pili i kahi hānai, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e like me ka hoʻouna ʻana a me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā antenna, ua kapa ʻia kēlā antenna he antenna symmetric.No ka mea, ua kapa ʻia nā antenna i kekahi manawa he oscillators, ua kapa ʻia nā antenna symmetric he oscillator symmetric, a i ʻole nā ​​antenna dipole.ʻO ka oscillator symmetric me ka lōʻihi o ka hapalua o ka nalu nalu, ua kapa ʻia he oscillator hapa hawewe, ʻike ʻia hoʻi he antenna dipole hapalua.ʻO ia ka antenna element maʻamau a hoʻohana nui ʻia.Nui nā antenna paʻakikī i haku ʻia.ʻO ka oscillator hapa hawewe he ʻano maʻalahi a me ka hānai maʻalahi.Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia ma ke kamaʻilio kahua kokoke.

Antenna Cage

ʻO ia kahi antenna ākea nāwaliwali.He puʻupuʻu puʻupuʻu i hoʻopuni ʻia e kekahi mau uea ma kahi o ke kino hoʻoheheʻe hoʻokahi i loko o kahi antenna symmetric, no ka mea, ʻo ke kino radiation ka hale hīnaʻi, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ka cage antenna.He ākea a maʻalahi ke kani ʻana o ka pūʻali hana o ka cage antenna.He kūpono ia no ke kamaʻilio laina kumu lāʻau.

Antenna pū

Aia i kahi ʻano antenna symmetric, akā ʻaʻole i hoʻonohonoho ʻia kona mau lima ʻelua i kahi laina pololei, a i loko o 90 ° a i ʻole 120 ° Angle, i kapa ʻia ʻo angular antenna.ʻO kēia ʻano antenna ka mea maʻamau maʻamau, ʻaʻole koʻikoʻi kona kuhikuhi.No ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hiʻohiʻona ākea ākea, hiki i nā lima ʻelua o ka angular antenna ke hoʻohana i ka ʻōnaehana cage, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka angular cage antenna.

Ua like ia me ka antenna

ʻO ka hoʻohuli ʻana i nā oscillators i nā antenna symmetric parallel i kapa ʻia he antenna folded.Nui nā ʻano o ka antenna hoʻololi ʻelua-wire, ʻekolu-wire hoʻololi antenna a me nā antenna hoʻololi ʻia he nui.I ka wā e kulou ai, pono ke ʻano o kēia manawa ma ke kiko e pili ana i kēlā me kēia laina i ka pae like.Mai kahi mamao aku, ua like ke ʻano antenna holoʻokoʻa me kahi antenna symmetric.Akā ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka antenna symmetrical, hoʻonui ʻia ka radiation o ka antenna i hoʻololi ʻia.Hoʻonui ka impedance hoʻokomo e maʻalahi i ka hoʻopili ʻana me ka mea hānai.ʻO ka antenna i hoʻopili ʻia he antenna i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me kahi alapine hana haiki.Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i nā puʻu nalu pōkole a me nā puʻupuʻu ultrashort.

V antenna

ʻO kahi antenna i loaʻa i ʻelua uea ma kahi Angle i kekahi i ke ʻano o ka leka V. Hiki ke wehe a hoʻopili ʻia ka pahu me kahi kūpaʻa e like me ka impedance hiʻohiʻona o ka antenna.ʻO ka antenna V-shaped he unidirectional a ʻo ka palena kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻouna ʻana ma ka mokulele kū i ka laina Angle.ʻO kona mau hemahema ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka wāwae nui.

Antenna Rhombic

He antenna huila ākea.Loaʻa iā ia kahi DIAMOND ākea e kau ana ma nā kia ʻehā, ua pili kekahi o ka daimana i ka mea hānai ma kahi kihi acute, a ʻo kekahi e pili ana i kahi kūpaʻa terminal e like me ke ʻano impedance o ka antenna daimana.He unidirectional ia ma ka mokulele kū pololei e kuhikuhi ana i ka ʻaoʻao o ke kūpaʻa hope.

ʻO nā mea maikaʻi o ka antenna rhombus he waiwai kiʻekiʻe, alakaʻi ikaika, ākea ākea, maʻalahi e hoʻonohonoho a mālama;ʻO ka hemahema ka wāwae nui.Ma hope o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka antenna rhomboid, aia ʻekolu ʻano o ka antenna rhomboid pālua, pane rhomboid antenna a me fold rhomboid antenna.Hoʻohana maʻamau ʻia ka antenna Rhombus i nā kikowaena hawewe nalu pōkole nui.

Antenna cone ipu

He antenna hawewe ultrashort.ʻO ka luna he diski (ke kino radiation), hānai ʻia e ka laina kumu o ka laina coaxial, a ʻo ka lalo he cone, pili i ka conductor o waho o ka laina coaxial.Ua like ka hopena o ka cone me ka ʻāina pau ʻole.Hiki i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka Angle tilt o ka cone ke hoʻololi i ka kuhikuhi radiation kiʻekiʻe o ka antenna.Loaʻa iā ia kahi kaha alapine ākea loa.